Corrigendum Research priority-setting is an ethics exercise: lessons from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research for the Region of the Americas / Corrigendum La priorización de la investigación es un ejercicio ético: lecciones del Foro Global de Bioética en la Investigación para la Región de las Américas / Corrigendum à Priorização da pesquisa é um exercício ético: lições do Fórum Global de Bioética em Pesquisa para a Região das Américas

The Pan American Journal of Public Health draws readers' attention to an error in the following article, pointed out by the authors: Saenz C, Carracedo S, Caballero C, Hurtado C, Leite Ribeiro A, Luna F, et al. Research priority-setting is an ethics exercise: lessons from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research for the Region of the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2024;48:e32. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2024.32 In article published on March 2024, reference 2 appears as follows: Global Forum on Bioethics in Research. GFBR 2023 Key- note presentation [Internet video]. Youtube. 2024 Feb 01 [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HlPgN6n6i8M The correct way to reference 2 is: Millum J. Ethics of health research priority setting [video]. Uploaded by Global Forum on Bioethics in Research, 1 February 2024. [Accessed on 13 February 2024] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HlPgN6n6i8M.

Corrigendum La priorización de la investigación es un ejercicio ético: lecciones del Foro Global de Bioética en la Investigación para la Región de las Américas / Corrigendum Research priority-setting is an ethics exercise: lessons from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research for the Region of the Americas / Corrigendum à Priorização da pesquisa é um exercício ético: lições do Fórum Global de Bioética em Pesquisa para a Região das Américas

La Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública llama la atención de los lectores sobre un error en el siguiente artículo, señalado por los autores: Saenz C, Carracedo S, Caballero C, Hurtado C, Leite Ribeiro A, Luna F, et al. La priorización de la investigación es un ejercicio ético: lecciones del Foro Global de Bioética en la Investigación para la Región de las Américas. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2024;48:e26. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2024.26 En el artículo publicado en marzo 2024, la referencia 2 aparece de la siguiente manera: Global Forum on Bioethics in Research. GFBR 2023 Keynote presentation [video en internet]. Youtube. 1 de febrero de 2024 [citado 13 de febrero de 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlPgN6n6i8M La forma correcta para la referencia 2 debe ser: Millum J. Ethics of health research priority setting [video]. Subido por Global Forum on Bioethics in Research, 1 de febrero de 2024. [citado 13 de febrero de 2024] Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HlPgN6n6i8M

Research priority-setting is an ethics exercise: lessons from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research for the Region of the Americas

Following the 2023 meeting of the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR), this letter to the editor makes a call to consider health research priority-setting as an ethical exercise in Latin America and the Caribbean. This implies that research priority-setting processes are not limited to a matter of procedures, but rather include an explicit discussion of the substantive ethical criteria that guide prioritization.

La priorización de la investigación es un ejercicio ético: lecciones del Foro Global de Bioética en la Investigación para la Región de las Américas

A raíz de la reunión del 2023 del Foro Global de Bioética en la Investigación (GFBR por su sigla en inglés), esta carta al editor hace un llamado a considerar la priorización de la investigación en salud como un ejercicio ético en América Latina y el Caribe. Ello implica que los procesos de priorización de la investigación no se limiten a cuestiones procedimentales, sino que incluyan una discusión explícita sobre los criterios éticos sustantivos que guían la priorización.

COVID 19. Nuevos desafíos de en la Seguridad Hospitalaria y del Paciente / COVID 19. New challenges in hospital and patient safety

La gestión hospitalaria en el marco de la Pandemia planteó nuevos desafíos a los hospitales a partir de la Seguridad en la Atención de los pacientes y en particular de los Equipos de Salud. Para hablar de estos Nuevos Desafíos es pertinente comentar algunos Conceptos Básicos y partir de Viejos Desafíos y ver de qué manera los sistemas estaban preparados para recibir esta pandemia.

Applying systems thinking to identify enablers and challenges to scale-up interventions for hypertension and diabetes in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a longitudinal mixed-methods study.

INTRODUCTION: There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, where the greatest burden lies. Yet, there is little research concerning the specific issues involved in scaling up NCD interventions targeting low-resource settings. We propose to examine this gap in up to 27 collaborative projects, which were funded by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) 2019 Scale Up Call, reflecting a total funding investment of approximately US$50 million. These projects represent diverse countries, contexts and adopt varied approaches and study designs to scale-up complex, evidence-based interventions to improve hypertension and diabetes outcomes. A systematic inquiry of these projects will provide necessary scientific insights into the enablers and challenges in the scale up of complex NCD interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will apply systems thinking (a holistic approach to analyse the inter-relationship between constituent parts of scaleup interventions and the context in which the interventions are implemented) and adopt a longitudinal mixed-methods study design to explore the planning and early implementation phases of scale up projects. Data will be gathered at three time periods, namely, at planning (TP), initiation of implementation (T0) and 1-year postinitiation (T1). We will extract project-related data from secondary documents at TP and conduct multistakeholder qualitative interviews to gather data at T0 and T1. We will undertake descriptive statistical analysis of TP data and analyse T0 and T1 data using inductive thematic coding. The data extraction tool and interview guides were developed based on a literature review of scale-up frameworks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The current protocol was approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC number 23482). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and more broadly through the GACD network.

[Health working conditions and environment: conceptual model for remote and rural areas]. / Condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo en salud: modelo conceptual para áreas remotas y rurales.

This report proposes a conceptual model on workplace environment and working conditions that integrates the available evidence to facilitate the design and evaluation of interventions aimed at improving the attraction, recruitment and retention of health personnel at the first level of care in rural and remote areas. Theoretical, empirical and testimonial evidence was consulted to support the model, and 15 frameworks disseminated in the last 20 years were synthesized. The article shows the diversity of perspectives and the complexity involved in establishing the dimensions to be considered in a proposal that is useful to apply to human resources for health policies.The proposed model includes four categories of components: factors of the external context, organizational factors, employment and work conditions, and individual factors. The boundaries between the components -as well as the weight and influence of each one- vary according to the interrelationship among them and the interaction with the environment, and thus its interpretation must be adapted to the context in which it is intended to be applied.Based on this conceptual model, the design and evaluation of interventions aimed at increasing the availability of health personnel -particularly at the primary care level in rural and remote areas of the Region of the Americas- should emerge from an interaction between health and employment policies, and the realities and expectations of workers and the communities.

[Factors and interventions that affect working conditions and environment to increase the attraction, recruitment and retention of human resources for health at the primary care level in rural, remote or underserved areas]. / Factores e intervenciones que inciden en las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo para incrementar la atracción, captación y retención de recursos humanos en salud en el primer nivel de atención de áreas rurales, remotas o desatendidas.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and systematize available empirical evidence on factors and interventions that affect working conditions and environment in order to increase the attraction, recruitment and retention of human resources for health at the primary care level in rural, remote or underserved areas. METHODS: Rapid review of reviews selected according to relevance, eligibility and inclusion criteria. The search was conducted on electronic and manual databases, including grey literature. AMSTAR I was used to assess the quality of systematic reviews and a thematic analysis for synthesis of the results. RESULTS: Sixteen reviews were included, one of which contained 14 reviews. Of the total, 20 reviews analyzed factors and 9 evaluated the effectiveness of interventions. The evidence on factors is abundant, but of limited quality. Individual, family and "previous exposure to a rural setting" factors were associated with higher recruitment; organizational and external context factors were important for human resource retention. Networking and professional support influenced recruitment and retention. Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions was limited, both in quantity and quality. The most frequently used intervention was incentives. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on factors that are positively related to recruitment and retention of workers at the first level of care in rural, remote or underserved areas is sufficient and should be taken into account when designing interventions. Quality evidence on the effectiveness of interventions is scarce. More controlled studies with methodological rigor are needed, particularly in the Americas.

Condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo en salud: modelo conceptual para áreas remotas y rurales

Se propone un modelo conceptual sobre condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo en salud que integra la evidencia disponible para facilitar el diseño y la evaluación de intervenciones orientadas a mejorar la atracción, captación y retención del personal de salud en el primer nivel de atención de áreas rurales y remotas. Se consultó la evidencia teórica, empírica y testimonial para fundamentar la propuesta y se sintetizaron 15 modelos difundidos en los últimos 20 años. El artículo da cuenta de la diversidad de perspectivas y la complejidad que conlleva establecer las dimensiones que deben considerarse en una propuesta que sea útil para aplicar a las políticas de recursos humanos en salud. El modelo propuesto incluye cuatro categorías de componentes: factores del contexto externo, factores organizacionales, condiciones del empleo y del trabajo, y factores individuales. Los límites entre los componentes –así como el peso y la influencia de cada uno– varían en función de la relación entre ellos y de la interacción con el medio, por lo que su interpretación debe adecuarse al ámbito en que se pretenda aplicar. A partir de este modelo conceptual, el diseño y la evaluación de las intervenciones dirigidas a incrementar la disponibilidad de personal de salud –en particular en el primer nivel de atención de áreas rurales y remotas de la Región de las Américas– deberían surgir de una interacción entre las políticas de salud y empleo, y las realidades y expectativas de los trabajadores y las comunidades.

This report proposes a conceptual model on workplace environment and working conditions that integrates the available evidence to facilitate the design and evaluation of interventions aimed at improving the attraction, recruitment and retention of health personnel at the first level of care in rural and remote areas. Theoretical, empirical and testimonial evidence was consulted to support the model, and 15 frameworks disseminated in the last 20 years were synthesized. The article shows the diversity of perspectives and the complexity involved in establishing the dimensions to be considered in a proposal that is useful to apply to human resources for health policies. The proposed model includes four categories of components: factors of the external context, organizational factors, employment and work conditions, and individual factors. The boundaries between the components – as well as the weight and influence of each one– vary according to the interrelationship among them and the interaction with the environment, and thus its interpretation must be adapted to the context in which it is intended to be applied. Based on this conceptual model, the design and evaluation of interventions aimed at increasing the availability of health personnel –particularly at the primary care level in rural and remote areas of the Region of the Americas– should emerge from an interaction between health and employment policies, and the realities and expectations of workers and the communities.

Factores e intervenciones que inciden en las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo para incrementar la atracción, captación y retención de recursos humanos en salud en el primer nivel de atención de áreas rurales, remotas o desatendidas

Objetivo. Identificar y sistematizar la evidencia empírica disponible sobre factores e intervenciones que inciden en las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo para incrementar la atracción, captación y retención de recursos humanos en salud en el primer nivel de atención de áreas rurales, remotas o desatendidas. Métodos. Revisión rápida de revisiones, seleccionadas según criterios de pertinencia, elegibilidad e inclusión con búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas, de literatura gris y manual. Se empleó el AMSTAR I para evaluar la calidad de revisiones sistemáticas y un análisis temático para síntesis de resultados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 16 revisiones, una de las cuales contenía a su vez 14 revisiones. Del total, 20 revisiones analizaron factores y 9 evaluaron efectividad de intervenciones. La evidencia sobre factores es abundante, pero de limitada calidad. Los factores individuales, familiares y la “exposición rural previa” se asociaron a mayor captación; factores organizacionales y del contexto externo fueron gravitantes en la retención. El trabajo en red y el apoyo profesional incidieron en la captación y retención. La evidencia sobre efectividad de intervenciones fue limitada, en cantidad y calidad. El tipo de intervención más frecuentemente empleada fueron los incentivos. Conclusiones. La evidencia sobre factores que se relacionan positivamente con la captación y retención de trabajadores en el primer nivel de atención de áreas rurales, remotas o desatendidas es suficiente y debería ser tenida en cuenta al diseñar intervenciones. La evidencia de calidad sobre la efectividad de intervenciones es escasa. Se requieren más estudios controlados con rigurosidad metodológica, particularmente en las Américas. Palabras clave Condiciones de trabajo

Objective. To identify and systematize available empirical evidence on factors and interventions that affect working conditions and environment in order to increase the attraction, recruitment and retention of human resources for health at the primary care level in rural, remote or underserved areas. Methods. Rapid review of reviews selected according to relevance, eligibility and inclusion criteria. The search was conducted on electronic and manual databases, including grey literature. AMSTAR I was used to assess the quality of systematic reviews and a thematic analysis for synthesis of the results. Results. Sixteen reviews were included, one of which contained 14 reviews. Of the total, 20 reviews analyzed factors and 9 evaluated the effectiveness of interventions. The evidence on factors is abundant, but of limited quality. Individual, family and “previous exposure to a rural setting” factors were associated with higher recruitment; organizational and external context factors were important for human resource retention. Networking and professional support influenced recruitment and retention. Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions was limited, both in quantity and quality. The most frequently used intervention was incentives. Conclusions. Evidence on factors that are positively related to recruitment and retention of workers at the first level of care in rural, remote or underserved areas is sufficient and should be taken into account when designing interventions. Quality evidence on the effectiveness of interventions is scarce. More controlled studies with methodological rigor are needed, particularly in the Americas.

[Concerns and demands regarding COVID-19. Survey of health personnel]. / Preocupaciones y demandas frente a COVID-19. Encuesta al personal de salud.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the organization of health services and had consequences for health teams, according to the pre-existing safety and working conditions. During the first week of April 2020, a cross sectional study was carried out with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The aim was to explore the conditions determining the organizational climate: leadership, communication, institutional resources, cohesion/conflict management, and training; and how these were perceived by health personnel to deal with the pandemic. A total of 5670 healthcare workers participated in an online survey and 50 were interviewed, from all subsectors of the Argentinean health system (public, private and union-health insurance); 72.9% were women, 51.4% were physicians, and the predominant age group was under 40 years. In the qualitative sample (interviews), 52% were men, 62% were physicians, and the average age was 44.8 years. The dimensions of the organizational climate were stratified and five independent predictors of perception of conditions were identified: age, gender, tasks performed, health system subsector, and jurisdiction. The condition most frequently perceived as inadequate were the inaccessibility of institutional resources and the access to personal protective equipment was a major concern. Claims included the need of institutional strategies to support healthcare workers and of a clear and uniform communication. In conclusion, at the time of the study, the health personnel perceived serious deficits in their organizations regarding the conditions necessary to confront COVID-19, with differences among subsectors of the health system.

La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó la organización de los servicios de salud y tuvo consecuencias en los equipos de salud, según las condiciones laborales y de bioseguridad pre-existentes en cada institución. Durante la primera semana de abril de 2020 se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. El objetivo fue indagar acerca de las condiciones que determinan el clima organizacional: liderazgo, comunicación, recursos institucionales, cohesión/gestión de conflictos y capacitación; y cómo éstas eran percibidas por el personal de salud para hacer frente a la pandemia. Se realizaron 5670 encuestas a trabajadores/as y 50 entrevistas a informantes clave de los tres subsectores del sistema de salud (público, privado y de seguridad social). En las encuestas, el 72.9% fueron mujeres, el 51.4% médicos/as y el grupo etario predominante fue el de menores de 40 años. El 47.8% de los/as participantes refirió pluriempleo. En las entrevistas, el 52% fueron varones, el 60% médicos/ as, la edad media 44.8 años. Se estratificaron las dimensiones y se identificaron predictores independientes de percepción: edad, género, tipo de tareas, subsector y jurisdicción. La dimensión percibida con mayor frecuencia como inadecuada fue la de recursos institucionales y la disponibilidad de equipos de protección personal fue identificada como una de las principales preocupaciones. Surgieron demandas de estrategias de contención para el personal de salud y de comunicación institucional clara y uniforme. En conclusión, al momento del estudio el personal de salud percibía serios déficits en sus organizaciones respecto de las condiciones necesarias para enfrentar la pandemia, con diferencias entre subsectores del sistema.

Preocupaciones y demandas frente a COVID-19: Encuesta al personal de salud / Concerns and demands regarding COVID-19. Survey of health personnel

La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó la organización de los servicios de salud y tuvo consecuencias en los equipos de salud, según las condiciones laborales y de bioseguridad pre-existentes en cada institución. Durante la primera semana de abril de 2020 se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. El objetivo fue indagar acerca de las condiciones que determinan el clima organizacional: liderazgo, comunicación, recursos institucionales, cohesión/gestión de conflictos y capacitación; y cómo éstas eran percibidas por el personal de salud para hacer frente a la pandemia. Se realizaron 5670 encuestas a trabajadores/as y 50 entrevistas a informantes clave de los tres subsectores del sistema de salud (público, privado y de seguridad social). En las encuestas, el 72.9% fueron mujeres, el 51.4% médicos/as y el grupo etario predominante fue el de menores de 40 años. El 47.8% de los/as participantes refirió pluriempleo. En las entrevistas, el 52% fueron varones, el 60% médicos/ as, la edad media 44.8 años. Se estratificaron las dimensiones y se identificaron predictores independientes de percepción: edad, género, tipo de tareas, subsector y jurisdicción. La dimensión percibida con mayor frecuencia como inadecuada fue la de recursos institucionales y la disponibilidad de equipos de protección personal fue identificada como una de las principales preocupaciones. Surgieron demandas de estrategias de contención para el personal de salud y de comunicación institucional clara y uniforme. En conclusión, al momento del estudio el personal de salud percibía serios déficits en sus organizaciones respecto de las condiciones necesarias para enfrentar la pandemia, con diferencias entre subsectores del sistema.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the organization of health services and had consequences for health teams, according to the pre-existing safety and working conditions. During the first week of April 2020, a cross sectional study was carried out with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The aim was to explore the conditions determining the organizational climate: leadership, communication, institutional resources, cohesion/conflict management, and training; and how these were perceived by health personnel to deal with the pandemic. A total of 5670 healthcare workers participated in an online survey and 50 were interviewed, from all subsectors of the Argentinean health system (public, private and union-health insurance); 72.9% were women, 51.4% were physicians, and the predominant age group was under 40 years. In the qualitative sample (interviews), 52% were men, 62% were physicians, and the average age was 44.8 years. The dimensions of the organizational climate were stratified and five independent predictors of perception of conditions were identified: age, gender, tasks performed, health system subsector, and jurisdiction. The condition most frequently perceived as inadequate were the inaccessibility of institutional resources and the access to personal protective equipment was a major concern. Claims included the need of institutional strategies to support healthcare workers and of a clear and uniform communication. In conclusion, at the time of the study, the health personnel perceived serious deficits in their organizations regarding the conditions necessary to confront COVID-19, with differences among subsectors of the health system.

El cáncer como prioridad en la agenda sanitaria / Cancer as a priority on the health agenda

El cáncer concentra el 20% del total de defunciones en el país y representa la segunda causa de muerte. El objetivo de esta investigación operativa fue elaborar un análisis de situación con propuestas de mejora para incorporar al cáncer en la agenda política de los candidatos presidenciales. El estudio incluyó técnicas cualicuantitativas, el uso del Monitoreo de Resultados para un Sistema de Equidad (MoRES, "Monitoring Results for Equity System") para identificar brechas en relación a derechos vulnerados, mapeo de actores, uso de herramientas analíticas epidemiológicas y comunicacionales. Los resultados mostraron dos ejes programáticos para acercar propuestas a los distintos espacios políticos: incremento y optimización del financiamiento y la gestión de la enfermedad, por un lado, y, por el otro, incremento y optimización del financiamiento de los registros oncológicos a nivel provincial que permita mejorar la calidad de los datos. Todos tenemos responsabilidades sobre el monitoreo de las acciones y la implementación de la agenda de salud. Con la información disponible, Argentina está en condiciones de avanzar sobre la reducción en brechas de inequidades, pero hace falta que los portadores de derechos y de obligaciones se movilicen con visión y agenda compartida, un gran desafío que no es imposible de alcanzar. (AU)

Cancer represents the second cause of death, concentrating approximately 20% of the total deaths. The objective of this operational investigation was to elaborate a situation analysis with proposals for improvement to place cancer on the political agenda of presidential candidates. The study included qualitative and quantitative techniques, the use of MoRES ("Monitoring Results for Equity System") to identify inequality gaps in relation to violated rights, stakeholder mapping, the use of epidemiological and communicational analytical tools. The results of two programmatic axes to bring proposals to the different political spaces: improvements in financing and disease management, on the one hand, and, on the other, better financing and management of cancer registries at the provincial level that allowsimproving the quality of the data. We all have responsibilities on health agenda. With the available information, Argentina is in a position to move forward on the reduction of inequity and inequality gaps. An informed society, committed to health and aware of where priorities are, can contribute more and better to the formulation of a based rights health agenda. (AU)

Reducing Blindness from Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in Argentina Through Collaboration, Advocacy and Policy Implementation.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a largely avoidable cause of blindness in children worldwide, requiring high-quality neonatal care, early detection and treatment. In middle-income countries throughout Latin America, Eastern Europe and South Asia, there has been a rise in ROP blindness due to a combination of increased survival of preterm infants, resource-scarce medical environments and lack of policies, training and human resources. However, Argentina is an example of country where rates of ROP blindness have declined and ROP programmes have been successfully and effectively embedded within the health and legal system. The purpose of this study is to describe the activities and stakeholders, including Ministry of Health (MoH) and UNICEF, involved in the process, from recognition of an epidemic of ROP blindness to the development of national guidelines, policies and legislation for control. Using a retrospective mixed methods case study design, data on rates of severe ROP was collected from 13 neonatal intensive care units from 1999 to 2012, and on the proportion of children blind from ROP in nine blind schools in seven provinces. Legislative document review, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with neonatologists, ophthalmologists, neonatal nurses, parents, MoH officials, clinical societies, legislators and UNICEF officials in seven provinces. Results are presented combining the stages heuristic policy framework and Shiffman including: agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation and evaluation. By 2012, ROP had declined as a cause of blindness in children in schools for the blind as had rates of severe ROP needing treatment in the NICUs visited. Multiple factors played a role in reducing blindness from ROP in Argentina and successfully coordinating its control including national advocacy, leadership, legislation and international collaboration. Lessons learned in Argentina can potentially be scaled to other LMICs in Latin America and beyond with further context-specific research.

Maternidad Segura y Centrada en la Familia: la cultura organizacional de maternidades de la provincia de Buenos Aires / Safe and family-centered maternity hospitals: organizational culture of maternity hospitals in the province of Buenos Aires

Introducción. En 2010, se lanzó la iniciativa Maternidad Segura y Centrada en la Familia con el propósito de transformar las grandes maternidades públicas en espacios donde se implementaran prácticas seguras y se garantizaran los derechos de mujeres, recién nacidos y sus familias, lo que propuso un cambio de paradigma en la atención perinatal. El artículo reporta los hallazgos acerca de la cultura organizacional como insumo para la implementación de la iniciativa. Población y métodos. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 29 hospitales públicos de la provincia de Buenos Aires adheridos a la iniciativa. Durante 2011 y 2012, se aplicó una encuesta autoadministrada anónima a los integrantes de los servicios de Neonatología y Obstetricia, en la que se recogió información sobre tres dimensiones de la cultura organizational: clima organizational, prácticas seguras y facilitación para el cambio. Resultados. Se recolectaron 1828 encuestas; el 51% expresó la necesidad de mejorar la comunicación mediante más reuniones y el 60% evaluó positivamente algunos aspectos del liderazgo. La sobrecarga de trabajo fue reconocida como la principal causa de conflictos por el 60%. Aproximadamente, 25% expresó acuerdo y compromiso con la transformación de las maternidades en dirección a la iniciativa. La adhesión a las prácticas resultó dispar según cuáles fueran, aunque la mitad de los encuestados reportó que había razones legítimas para el cambio. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico de la cultura organizacional demostró que falta consolidar el compromiso con la iniciativa Maternidad Segura y Centrada en la Familia y que la evaluación del liderazgo no es integral. La sobrecarga de trabajo y las fallas de comunicación son las más importantes fuentes de conflicto.

Introduction. In 2010, the Safe and Family-Centered Maternity Hospitals initiative was launched in order to transform large public maternity centers into settings where safe practices are implemented and the rights of women, newborn infants and families are warranted. As a result, the paradigm of perinatal care was modified. This article reports on the findings of organizational culture as a component for the implementation of the initiative. Population and Methods. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic way and was made up of 29 public hospitals located in the province of Buenos Aires that participated in the initiative. During 2011 and 2012, an anonymous, self-administered survey was completed by members of the Department of Neonatology and the Department of Obstetrics. The survey collected information on three dimensions of the organizational culture: organizational environment, safe practices, and facilitation of change. Results. A total of 1828 surveys were collected; 51% of survey respondents stated that there is a need to improve communicationby having more meetings, while 60% made a positive assessment of various aspects of leadership. Work overload was described as the main cause of conflicts by 60%. Approximately 25% agreed and showed commitment with the initiative of transforming maternity centers. Adherence to practices was dissimilar depending on the practice, but half of survey respondents reported that there were genuine reasons for change. Conclusions. The assessment of the organizational culture showed that commitment to the Safe and Family-Centered Maternity Hospitals initiative is yet to be consolidated, and the evaluation of leadership is not comprehensive. Work overload and communication failures are the main reasons for conflict.